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Which oil for your Td5 engine ?
Vehicle ➔ Defender 110 Td5 2002
Summary
The SAE standard
SAE ➔ Society of Automotive Engineers
This standard concerns the degree of viscosity of oils at certain temperatures.
It is the multigrade oils (5W30, 5W40, 5W50) that concern our Td5 engine.
This standard concerns the degree of viscosity of oils at certain temperatures.
It is the multigrade oils (5W30, 5W40, 5W50) that concern our Td5 engine.
What is the meaning of the 1st number of a multigrade oil ?
• This is the cold viscosity index.
• The lower this number, the more fluid the oil is when cold. This is beneficial because the oil must be fluid enough to lubricate the engine very quickly when starting.
• This is the cold viscosity index.
• The lower this number, the more fluid the oil is when cold. This is beneficial because the oil must be fluid enough to lubricate the engine very quickly when starting.
What does the W stand for?
• The W stands for Winter.
• The W stands for Winter.
What is the meaning of the 2nd number of a multigrade oil ?
• This is the hot viscosity index.
• The higher this number, the thicker the oil will be when hot. This is beneficial because the oil must be thick enough to maintain a protective film between the moving parts, thus perfectly protecting the engine. It is also unfavorable because a fluid oil requires less energy to run the engine and thus reduces fuel consumption. It's a difficult equation to solve. You have to find the right balance.
• This is the hot viscosity index.
• The higher this number, the thicker the oil will be when hot. This is beneficial because the oil must be thick enough to maintain a protective film between the moving parts, thus perfectly protecting the engine. It is also unfavorable because a fluid oil requires less energy to run the engine and thus reduces fuel consumption. It's a difficult equation to solve. You have to find the right balance.
The ACEA standard
ACEA ➔ Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
This standard defines the quality of engine oils according to the requirements of European car manufacturers.
This standard defines the quality of engine oils according to the requirements of European car manufacturers.
What are the classes ?
• A ➔ Oils for gasoline engines
• B ➔ Oils for diesel engines in passenger cars
• C ➔ Oils for diesel engines equipped with DPF (diesel particulate filter)
• E ➔ Oils for diesel engines in trucks
So it is class B that concerns our Td5 engine.
• A ➔ Oils for gasoline engines
• B ➔ Oils for diesel engines in passenger cars
• C ➔ Oils for diesel engines equipped with DPF (diesel particulate filter)
• E ➔ Oils for diesel engines in trucks
So it is class B that concerns our Td5 engine.
What are the categories ?
• B1 ➔ Oils for diesel engines designed to operate with low viscosity, low friction oils and a shear resistance of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils generate fuel economy. These oils require manufacturer approval.
• B2 ➔ Low-end oils for indirect injection diesel engines. This classification is abandoned.
• B3 ➔ Oils for high-performance indirect injection diesel engines.
• B4 ➔ Oils for high-performance direct injection diesel engines.
• B5 ➔ Oils for diesel engines designed to operate with low viscosity, low friction oils and a shear resistance of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils generate fuel economy and allow for extended oil change intervals (longlife). These oils require manufacturer approval.
• B1 ➔ Oils for diesel engines designed to operate with low viscosity, low friction oils and a shear resistance of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils generate fuel economy. These oils require manufacturer approval.
• B2 ➔ Low-end oils for indirect injection diesel engines. This classification is abandoned.
• B3 ➔ Oils for high-performance indirect injection diesel engines.
• B4 ➔ Oils for high-performance direct injection diesel engines.
• B5 ➔ Oils for diesel engines designed to operate with low viscosity, low friction oils and a shear resistance of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils generate fuel economy and allow for extended oil change intervals (longlife). These oils require manufacturer approval.
Standardization
• Engine oils belonging to classes A and B have been grouped together to simplify the range and offer mixed gasoline and diesel oils.
• We can now read on oil cans : A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4 and A5/B5.
• Engine oils belonging to classes A and B have been grouped together to simplify the range and offer mixed gasoline and diesel oils.
• We can now read on oil cans : A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4 and A5/B5.
The Land Rover recommendation
For the Defender Td5, the Land Rover workshop manual recommends an oil :
• Specifications ➔ ACEA A1/B1.
• Viscosity ➔ 5W30, 5W40, 5W50.
• Specifications ➔ ACEA A1/B1.
• Viscosity ➔ 5W30, 5W40, 5W50.
Which oil for the Td5 engine ?
Regarding SAE viscosity :
• For countries with a temperate climate ➔ a 5W30 oil will allow us to drive with ambient temperatures ranging from -30 to +35°C while being fluid enough to reduce fuel consumption.
• For hot countries ➔ a 5W40 oil will allow us to drive with ambient temperatures up to +50°C while remaining thick enough to perfectly lubricate the engine.
• For intensive use in a hot country ➔ a 5W50 oil will be preferable because the engine temperature may rise more than normal.
• For countries with a temperate climate ➔ a 5W30 oil will allow us to drive with ambient temperatures ranging from -30 to +35°C while being fluid enough to reduce fuel consumption.
• For hot countries ➔ a 5W40 oil will allow us to drive with ambient temperatures up to +50°C while remaining thick enough to perfectly lubricate the engine.
• For intensive use in a hot country ➔ a 5W50 oil will be preferable because the engine temperature may rise more than normal.
Regarding ACEA specifications :
• For 5W30 viscosity we will take an A1/B1 or A5/B5 oil. Land Rover recommends an A1/B1 oil but this is unfortunately not always available in stores. The A5/B5 specification is a good alternative because it is equivalent to A1/B1 and benefits from extended oil change intervals (longlife).
• For 5W40 and 5W50 viscosities we will take an A3/B4 oil which is intended for high-performance direct injection diesel engines. The A1/B1 and A5/B5 specifications are not available in 5W40 and 5W50 viscosities.
• For 5W30 viscosity we will take an A1/B1 or A5/B5 oil. Land Rover recommends an A1/B1 oil but this is unfortunately not always available in stores. The A5/B5 specification is a good alternative because it is equivalent to A1/B1 and benefits from extended oil change intervals (longlife).
• For 5W40 and 5W50 viscosities we will take an A3/B4 oil which is intended for high-performance direct injection diesel engines. The A1/B1 and A5/B5 specifications are not available in 5W40 and 5W50 viscosities.
Conclusion :
• 5W30 A1/B1 or A5/B5 oil for ambient temperatures from -30 to +35°C.
• 5W40 A3/B4 oil for ambient temperatures from -30 to +50°C.
• 5W50 A3/B4 oil for intensive use in a hot country.
• 5W30 A1/B1 or A5/B5 oil for ambient temperatures from -30 to +35°C.
• 5W40 A3/B4 oil for ambient temperatures from -30 to +50°C.
• 5W50 A3/B4 oil for intensive use in a hot country.
For my part, I use Total Quartz 9000 NFC 5W30 ACEA A5/B5 oil. It is affordable and perfect for the temperate climate.
